Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 51, December 2025. SignificancePhysical systems exchange energy with one another. The second law of thermodynamics constrains these exchanges. In stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation theorems extend the second law to the regime of small systems. To date, classical …
Observations from the Little Bunker
Last updated: January 27, 2026 06:22 PM
Atmospheric CO₂
428.6 ppm
+17.4
ppm/year
Atmospheric CH₄
1940.59 ppb
+-0.24
ppb/year
Global Temperature
+1.48 °C
Peak: +1.73°C
World Population
8.1 billion
+67
million/year